China & Russia AI ecosystems, read in the original

What the English version leaves out.

平行智能píngxíng zhìnéng · parallel intelligence

Parallel Frontier reads China's and Russia's AI worlds in the original: primary sources, translated and explained, new issues weekly.

中国China · industrial, state-directed
РоссияRussia · resource-constrained, opportunistic
Latest issue
Issue Nº 3 · 16 July 2026
The List
When Alibaba banned Claude Code, the interesting part was not the ban. It was the list: how 高风险软件名单, a corporate compliance term, crossed into a state security instrument in nine days.
 Terminology Watch, 高风险软件名单 high-risk software list
Parallel Frontier is written by Caroline Swartz. Chinese language & politics (NYU), Russian politics MSc (KCL), Mandarin SIGINT spanning defensive and offensive cyber operations, security operations leadership, short- and long-form reporting in five languages, AI safety research, and an MA in computational linguistics in progress (UCL).