China & Russia AI ecosystems, read in the original

What the English version leaves out.

人工智能 искусственный интеллект Artificial intelligence

One field, three languages

Parallel Frontier reads China's and Russia's AI worlds in the original: primary sources, translated and explained, new issues weekly.

中国China · industrial, state-directed
РоссияRussia · resource-constrained, opportunistic
Latest issue
Issue Nº 3 · 16 July 2026
The List
When Alibaba banned Claude Code, the interesting part was not the ban. It was the list: how 高风险软件名单, a corporate compliance term, crossed into a state security instrument in nine days.
Terminology Watch, 高风险软件名单 high-risk software list
Parallel Frontier is written by Caroline Swartz. Chinese language & politics (NYU), Russian politics MSc (KCL), Mandarin SIGINT spanning defensive and offensive cyber operations, security operations leadership, short- and long-form reporting in five languages, AI safety research, and an MA in computational linguistics in progress (UCL).