China & Russia AI ecosystems, read in the original

Parallel Frontier reads China's and Russia's AI worlds in the original: primary sources, translated and explained, new issues weekly. The name nods to 平行智能 ("parallel intelligence"), a real term in Chinese AI research.

Latest issue
Issue Nº 1 · 2 July 2026
Implementation Opinions on the Standardized Application and Innovative Development of Intelligent Agents
China's first policy framework for AI agents reads, in English, as an adoption push. This issue reads the whole document, in the language it was written in.
Parallel Frontier is written by Caroline Swartz. Chinese language & politics (NYU), Russian politics MSc (KCL), Mandarin SIGINT spanning defensive and offensive cyber operations, security operations leadership, short- and long-form reporting in five languages, AI safety research, and an MA in computational linguistics in progress (UCL).